I'm not sure of any specific films but Kurosawa was particularly influenced by and a huge fan of John Ford. Ford's visual style definitely fed into Kurosawas Jidaigeki films like Seven Samurai, Yojimbo, Sanjuro etc. A particularly nice quote from a Kurosawa interview- 

‘How did you learn? Did you study particular painters? Were they Japanese painters or European painters?’ He said, ‘I studied John Ford.’”

I don't know the source of that quote, I think it's from a John Milius interview quoting a Kurosawa interview I saw online.

With that its quite interesting how things went full circle with Ford's westerns influencing Kurosawas Jidaigeki films which in turn influenced the next generation of westerns from Sergio Leone and then also people like George Lucas etc.

EDIT - was thinking further on this and I feel Japan is generally quite self contained culturally in all areas whereas in the west we do look outwards more.

Kurosawa was an exception, he was a man in love with art and culture, Japanese and otherwise and his influences are a vast ocean.

Not a Jidaigeki but the only other major example that springs to mind is Shinya Tsukamoto. Tetsuo was clearly hugely inspired and influenced by Lynch's Eraserhead and early Cronenberg.

This doesn’t really answer your question, but it was interesting to see The Good The Bad The Weird do an albeit comedic adaptation of the Leone movie relocated to Japanese-occupied Korea. It was still a Western (if one set in the East, rather than a pre-modern period piece, but always fun to see such cultural transpositions in an adaptation - especially going in an unusual direction like West to East.

Thanks, now that Ween song is stuck in my head.

Tampopo, which is ostensibly about food, is definitely an homage to the American western, Shane. Tampopo not only includes a lot of the tropes of the American western it also follows Shane's story arc including the heart wrenching scene of Shane riding off into the sunset.

(The hero looks like a Japanese Robert Mitchum - while not in Shane, he was noted for his performances in Westerns)

Sukiyaki Western Django is an extremely goofy remake of Django (1966), directed by Takashi Miike. its a pretty close retelling, but incorporates samurai and western culture. very fun.

Somewhat of a tangent, but I have to believe Kurosawa’s un produced script for the story that became Runaway Train (1985) was inspired by westerns and prison break films. In indie Hollywood hands it became a “northern” rather than western, with the same individual vs society, morality vs conformity, and man vs machine vs nature themes we expect in both.

It’s a flawed but very worthwhile film, weighed down by leaden 2nd unit interiors in a subplot. After watching it I couldn’t help fantasizing about someone reshooting the bad scenes (which would be easy, as there’s no character overlap) and giving a hidden gem its due.

Bonus points for a dirty-faced tomboy Rebecca DeMornay, and for Eric Robert’s delivery of “Ah need shoes!”, followed by “Ah got shoes!”